Анна Андреевна Ахматова (фамилия при рождении — Горенко; 23 июня 1889, Одесса, Российская империя — 5 марта 1966, Домодедово, Московская область, РСФСР, СССР) (english: Anna Akhmatova) — один из крупнейших русских поэтов XX века, писатель, литературовед, литературный критик, переводчик. Судьба поэтессы была трагична. Хотя сама она не была в заключении или изгнании, репрессиям были подвергнуты трое близких ей людей (её муж в 1910—1918 годы Н. С. Гумилёв расстрелян в 1921 году; Николай Пунин, спутник её жизни в 1930-е годы, трижды был арестован, погиб в лагере в 1953 году; единственный сын Лев Гумилёв провёл в заключении в 1930—1940-х и в 1940—1950-х годах более 10 лет). Горе вдовы и матери заключённых «врагов народа» отражён в одном из наиболее известных произведений Ахматовой — поэме «Реквием». Признанная классиком отечественной поэзии ещё в 1920-е годы, Ахматова подвергалась замалчиванию, цензуре и травле (включая «персональное» постановление ЦК ВКП(б) 1946 года, не отменённое при её жизни), многие её произведения не были опубликованы не только при жизни автора, но и в течение более чем двух десятилетий после её смерти. Её имя ещё при жизни окружала слава среди широких кругов почитателей поэзии, как в СССР, так и в эмиграции. Also known as: Anna Akhmatova, Anna Ahmatova

also known as: Анна Ахматова Personal themes characterize lyrical beauty of noted work of Russian poet Anna Akhmatova, pseudonym of Anna Andreevna Gorenko; the Soviet government banned her books between 1946 and 1958. People credit this modernist of the most acclaimed writers in the canon. Her writing ranges from short lyrics to universalized, ingeniously structured cycles, such as Requiem (1935-40), her tragic masterpiece about the Stalinist terror. Her work addresses a variety of themes including time and memory, the fate of creative women, and the difficulties of living and writing in the shadow of Stalinism. She has been widely translated into many languages, and is one of the best-known Russian poets of 20th century. In 1910, she married the poet, Nikolay Gumilyov, who very soon left her for lion hunting in Africa, the battlefields of World War I, and the society of Parisian grisettes. Her husband did not take her poems seriously, and was shocked when Alexander Blok declared to him that he preferred her poems to his. Their son, Lev, born in 1912, was to become a famous Neo-Eurasianist historian. Nikolay Gumilyov was executed in 1921 for activities considered anti-Soviet; Akhmatova then married a prominent Assyriologist Vladimir Shilejko, and then an art scholar, Nikolay Punin, who died in the Stalinist Gulag camps. After that, she spurned several proposals from the married poet, Boris Pasternak. After 1922, Akhmatova was condemned as a bourgeois element, and from 1925 to 1940, her poetry was banned from publication. She earned her living by translating Leopardi and publishing essays, including some brilliant essays on Pushkin, in scholarly periodicals. All of her friends either emigrated or were repressed. Her son spent his youth in Stalinist gulags, and she even resorted to publishing several poems in praise of Stalin to secure his release. Their relations remained strained, however. Akhmatova died at the age of 76 in St. Peterburg. She was interred at Komarovo Cemetery. There is a museum devoted to Akhmatova at the apartment where she lived with Nikolai Punin at the garden wing of the Fountain House (more properly known as the Sheremetev Palace) on the Fontanka Embankment, where Akhmatova lived from the mid 1920s until 1952.