日本知名小說家、劇作家。1924年出生於東京，幼時舉家搬遷至滿洲國的奉天（今中國東北瀋陽市），1940年進入東京成城高中就讀，該年被診斷出肺結核，休學返回奉天療養。後進入東京帝國大學醫學系就讀，二次大戰末期一度偽造診斷書返回奉天，直到1946年底方被遣返回日本。1948年自醫學系畢業，但最終放棄實習。 少年時期喜讀愛倫‧坡、杜思妥也夫斯基的作品，亦曾受德國詩人里爾克吸引。思想上則逐漸傾向馬克思主義，曾加入日本共產黨，之後又被開除黨籍。 1951年以小說《牆壁──S‧卡爾瑪的犯行》獲得第25屆芥川獎，1962年以《沙丘之女》獲得讀賣文學獎，後者於1964年改編成電影，獲得坎城影展評審團獎，享譽國際。其作品往往著眼架空的背景與虛構的人物，著重人性的疏離與異化，呈現強烈的前衛色彩，近似卡夫卡等存在主義作家。諾貝爾文學獎評審委員會主席韋斯特伯格（Per Wästberg）在2012年受訪時曾提到：「若非猝逝，安部必定獲得諾貝爾文學獎。他距離得獎非常非常地近。」 除了小說創作，他也是位才華洋溢的劇作家。曾以劇作《幽靈在此》獲得1958年的岸田演劇獎，1967年以《朋友》一劇獲得谷崎潤一郎獎，1974年則以《綠色絲襪》獲得讀賣文學獎。此外，在《沙丘之女》、《別人的臉》、《燃盡的地圖》等作品改編電影時，亦親自擔綱撰寫劇本。 1992年年底，他在寫作時因腦溢血緊急送醫，於隔年1月22日病逝。

Kōbō Abe (安部 公房 Abe Kōbō), pseudonym of Kimifusa Abe, was a Japanese writer, playwright, photographer, and inventor. He was the son of a doctor and studied medicine at Tokyo University. He never practised however, giving it up to join a literary group that aimed to apply surrealist techniques to Marxist ideology. Abe has been often compared to Franz Kafka and Alberto Moravia for his surreal, often nightmarish explorations of individuals in contemporary society and his modernist sensibilities. He was first published as a poet in 1947 with Mumei shishu ("Poems of an unknown poet") and as a novelist the following year with Owarishi michi no shirube ni ("The Road Sign at the End of the Street"), which established his reputation. Though he did much work as an avant-garde novelist and playwright, it was not until the publication of The Woman in the Dunes in 1962 that he won widespread international acclaim. In the 1960s, he collaborated with Japanese director Hiroshi Teshigahara in the film adaptations of The Pitfall, Woman in the Dunes, The Face of Another and The Ruined Map. In 1973, he founded an acting studio in Tokyo, where he trained performers and directed plays. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1977.