Concise, scholarly survey traces castle development from ancient roots in the Levant, thru Roman times & the Middle Ages. Nearly 200 photos & drawings illustrate moats, keeps, baileys etc. Covers Caernarvon Castle, Dover Castle, Hadrian's Wall, the Tower of London etc. 199 black-&-white illustrations. Preface The ancient fortresses of Babylon, Mesopotamia, Assyria, Asia Minor & Greece Fortifications of Greece & Rome, 300 to 200 BC Fortifications of the Levant, Rome & Western Europe, 200 to 30 BC Fortifications of the Roman Empire Byzantine fortifications from the 5th to the 10th century Fortifications of Western Europe from the 5th to the 11th century Rectangular keeps or donjons Byzantine & Saracen fortifications of the 12th century Transitional keeps of the 12th century Fortifications & buildings of the bailey in the 11th & 12th centuries Castles from about 1190 to 1270 Siege engines & siege operations of the Middle Ages Edwardian & contemporary castles Towns, fortified bridges & towers Gatehouses & defences of the curtain during the 13th & 14th centuries Development of the tower-house 16th-century forts Index