Élisée Reclus’ Et vandløbs historie udkom første gang i 1869. Det er en underlig bog. Halvt poetisk besyngelse af vandløb og natur. Halvt anarko-socialistisk manifest. Grundlæggende består bogens projekt i at beskrive et vandløb fra kilde til hav. Men det er ikke udelukkende en geograf, som taler. Sproget er ikke udelukkende videnskabeligt, selvom ordforrådet er præcist og varieret. Naturen beskrives ikke bare nøgternt og registrerende. Videnskabsmanden har fået selskab af digteren og socialisten. Digteren fortaber sig i naturen og beskriver den indgående ned til mindste detalje. Ikke som et korrektiv til geografen, men som en udvidelse af det videnskabelige blik. Den skal også beskrives sanseligt, som den optræder for det åbne, modtagelige og påvirkelige menneske. I titlen Et vandløbs historie er det tydeligt, at bogen ikke kun er interesseret i en direkte og naturvidenskabelig udlægning af surhedsgrad og vandstand. Vandløbet har en historie, og det indskriver sig dermed også i menneskets evolution og har relevans for den måde, vi indretter vores samfund på. Vi flakser således med Reclus rundt i historien fra stenalderens hulemænd over den romerske hærfører Scipios badeture og videre op til forfatterens samtid, hvor vandløbet indgår i den topmoderne industrialisering. Flere steder bevæger vi os endda ud over samtiden og ender i en socialistisk utopi, hvor arbejderne forenes, og menneskeheden samles i et magtfrit fællesskab. Bogen er i høj grad relevant i dag, fordi den tilbyder os et frisk og bejaende blik på naturen som noget, der ikke ligger uden for os selv. Naturen hos Reclus er ikke den store Anden, som man enten kan passe på eller ødelægge. Den er ikke udelukkende et objekt, men optræder i menneskets historie og kultur som en drivende kraft. Vandløbet er som resten af naturen evigt forbundet med mennesket på godt og ondt, og det løber som en understrøm i bogen, at det er essentielt for mennesket at vedligeholde denne forbindelse. På den led flyder Reclus’ poetiske projekt sammen med hans politiske overbevisning. Den geografisk præcise og poetisk sanselige indoptagelse af naturen bliver en modstandskamp for digteren. Naturen er både et middel til at genoplade batterierne og samle kræfter til den store kamp for frihed og retfærdighed, men den har også en iboende værdi for os som del af vores fælles historie og udvikling.
Author
Élisée Reclus, also known as Jacques Élisée Reclus, was a renowned French geographer, writer and anarchist. He produced his 19-volume masterwork La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes ("Universal Geography"), over a period of nearly 20 years (1875 - 1894). In 1892 he was awarded the prestigious Gold Medal of the Paris Geographical Society for this work, despite his having been banished from France because of his political activism. Reclus was the second son of a Protestant pastor and his wife. From the family of fourteen children, several, including his brother and fellow geographer Onésime Reclus, went on to achieve renown either as men of letters, politicians or members of the learned professions. Reclus began his education in Rhenish Prussia, and continued higher studies at the Protestant college of Montauban. He completed his studies at University of Berlin, where he followed a long course of geography under Carl Ritter. Withdrawing from France because of political events of December 1851, he spent the next six years (1852 - 1857) traveling and working in Great Britain, the United States, Central America, and Colombia. Arriving in Louisiana in 1853, Reclus worked for about two and a half years as a tutor to the children of Septime and Félicité Fortier at their plantation Félicité, located about 50 miles upriver from New Orleans. He recounted his passage through the Mississippi river delta and impressions of antebellum New Orleans and the state in Fragment d'un voyage á Louisiane, published in 1855. On his return to Paris, Reclus contributed to the Revue des deux mondes, the Tour du monde and other periodicals, a large number of articles embodying the results of his geographical work. Among other works of this period was the short book Histoire d’un ruisseau, in which he traced the development of a great river from source to mouth. From 1867 - 1868 he published La Terre; description des phénomènes de la vie du globe in two volumes. During the 1870 siege of Paris, Reclus shared in the aerostatic operations conducted by Félix Nadar, and also served in the National Guard. As a member of the Association Nationale des Travailleurs, he published a hostile manifesto against the government of Versailles in support of the Paris Commune of 1871 in the Cri du Peuple. Continuing to serve in the National Guard, now in open revolt, Reclus was taken prisoner on April 5, and on November 16 was sentenced to deportation for life. Because of intervention by supporters from England, the sentence was commuted in January 1872 to perpetual banishment from France. After a short visit to Italy, Reclus settled at Clarens, Switzerland, where he resumed his literary labours and produced Histoire d’une montagne, a companion to Histoire d’un ruisseau. There he wrote nearly the whole of his work, La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes, "an examination of every continent and country in terms of the effects that geographic features like rivers and mountains had on human populations—and vice versa," This compilation was profusely illustrated with maps, plans, and engravings. It was awarded the gold medal of the Paris Geographical Society in 1892. An English edition appeared simultaneously, also in 19 volumes, the first four by E. G. Ravenstein, the rest by A.H. Keane. Reclus' writings were characterized by extreme accuracy and brilliant exposition, which gave them permanent literary and scientific value.
