Michel de Montaigne’in 16. yüzyılda kaleme aldığı Denemeler, insanlığın ortak birikiminin temel eserlerinden biri olarak hümanizmin doğuşuna tanıklık eder. Rönesans’la birlikte insan aklı, düşünceye ve iradeye ket vuran dogmalardan kurtulur. Denemeler’in Hayvanlara Övgü adlı bu bölümünde Montaigne, cesaret isteyen bir sorgulamaya girişerek insanın hayvanlardan ayrı ve üstün niteliklerle donatılmış olduğu kabulüne ve bu kabule dayanarak hayvanlar üzerinde mutlak bir tahakküm kurmanın meşru görülmesine meydan okur. Montaigne’in çağlar ötesinden, hümanizme özgü görecelilikle okuru bir yandan sıradanlaşmış şeyleri bambaşka bir gözle görmeye, bir yandan da farklı gördüğü şeylere dair peşin yargılara kapılmaktan kaçınmaya çağıran sesi hâlâ canlı. Antik düşünürlerden çağdaşlarına dek pek çok yazardan alıntılarla, tarihten örneklerle ve renkli bir üslupla aktarılan anekdotlarla zenginleşen metin, öncü niteliğinin yanı sıra hayvan hakları tartışmalarına halen ışık tutmasıyla da güncelliğini korur. “Herhangi bir insanla diğer bir insan arasındaki fark, insanla hayvan arasındaki farktan büyüktür.” Montaigne
Author
Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (1532-1592) was one of the most influential writers of the French Renaissance. Montaigne is known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre. He became famous for his effortless ability to merge serious intellectual speculation with casual anecdotes and autobiography—and his massive volume Essais (translated literally as "Attempts") contains, to this day, some of the most widely influential essays ever written. Montaigne had a direct influence on writers the world over, from William Shakespeare to René Descartes, from Ralph Waldo Emerson to Stephan Zweig, from Friedrich Nietzsche to Jean-Jacques Rousseau. He was a conservative and earnest Catholic but, as a result of his anti-dogmatic cast of mind, he is considered the father, alongside his contemporary and intimate friend Étienne de La Boétie, of the "anti-conformist" tradition in French literature. In his own time, Montaigne was admired more as a statesman then as an author. The tendency in his essays to digress into anecdotes and personal ruminations was seen as detrimental to proper style rather than as an innovation, and his declaration that, "I am myself the matter of my book", was viewed by his contemporaries as self-indulgent. In time, however, Montaigne would be recognized as embodying, perhaps better than any other author of his time, the spirit of freely entertaining doubt which began to emerge at that time. He is most famously known for his skeptical remark, "Que sais-je?" ("What do I know?"). Remarkably modern even to readers today, Montaigne's attempt to examine the world through the lens of the only thing he can depend on implicitly—his own judgment—makes him more accessible to modern readers than any other author of the Renaissance. Much of modern literary nonfiction has found inspiration in Montaigne, and writers of all kinds continue to read him for his masterful balance of intellectual knowledge and personal storytelling.
