In this masterly and comprehensive book the author of A Study of History surveys the development of Hellenism—Graeco-Roman culture—from its earliest beginnings at the end of the second millenium B.C. until its decline in the seventh century of the Christian era—a period of some 1800 years. After an analysis of the city-state's evolution, Dr. Toynbee traces the spread of Hellenic culture, first in the Mediterranean basin, and later under Alexander to East. He assesses its response to the challenges presented by neighboring barbarians, and examines the failure of the city-states and then of monarchy and federation to establish political concord. Finally, he traces the rise of Rome, her adoption of Hellenism and its decay under the Empire, and the part played by Christianity in the ultimate collapse of Hellenic culture. Hellenism is not a mere chronicle of events, however, but a brilliant assessment of the contribution made by Graeco-Roman civilization in every sphere—art, religion, philosophy, political science, and technics. It is enriched by Mr. Toybee's first-hand knowledge of the heart of the Hellenic world, "the theatre in which the drama was performed." As he says, "One instant's glimpse of a landscape with one's own eyes can tell one more than years spent on studying maps and texts."