Canadian physician and author. In 1943 he enrolled as a medic in the Canadian Army. When relieved of duty in 1946, he settled in Rivière-Madeleine, Quebec. In 1949 he moved into the poor working class area Longueuil-annexe. In 1963 he founded the Parti Rhinocéros, which he described as "an intellectual guerrilla party". He also began to write for the magazine Parti pris. In 1969, he became a member of the Parti Québécois.