Una de las obras capitales de la literatura moderna sobre las pesadillas de la existencia La transformación, o metamorfosis, de Gregor Samsa en un bicho monstruoso, similar a un enorme escarabajo, es uno de los hitos de la literatura universal. Franz Kafka escribió el relato en 1915 y lo publicó por primera vez en la revista mensual Die Weissen Blätter . En noviembre de ese mismo año, el título se imprimió como libro independiente bajo el sello de la editorial Kurt Wolff, con fecha anticipada de 1916. En este volumen, la más conocida y divulgada pesadilla kafkiana es objeto de una nueva traducción a cargo de Juan José del Solar, que ha tenido presentes la luz que arroja sobre la obra de Kafka la edición crítica de la editorial S. Fischer, que ha obligado, felizmente, a reeditar bajo nuevos parámetros a un autor que está considerado el más emblemático del siglo XX. La crítica ha «El mundo de Kafka es, en verdad, un universo indecible donde el hombre se da el lujo torturante de pescar en una bañera, a sabiendas de que no saldrá nada.» Albert Camus «La más indiscutible virtud de Kafka es la invención de situaciones intolerables.» Jorge Luis Borges «La literatura de Kafka es tan cruel e intrincada como una pesadilla. La destrucción del yo planea por sus páginas como algo inminente e ineludible.» Rafael Narbona, El Cultural
Author
Prague-born writer Franz Kafka wrote in German, and his stories, such as " The Metamorphosis " (1916), and posthumously published novels, including The Trial (1925), concern troubled individuals in a nightmarishly impersonal world. Jewish middle-class family of this major fiction writer of the 20th century spoke German. People consider his unique body of much incomplete writing, mainly published posthumously, among the most influential in European literature. His stories include "The Metamorphosis" (1912) and " In the Penal Colony " (1914), whereas his posthumous novels include The Trial (1925), The Castle (1926) and Amerika (1927). Despite first language, Kafka also spoke fluent Czech. Later, Kafka acquired some knowledge of the French language and culture from Flaubert, one of his favorite authors. Kafka first studied chemistry at the Charles-Ferdinand University of Prague but after two weeks switched to law. This study offered a range of career possibilities, which pleased his father, and required a longer course of study that gave Kafka time to take classes in German studies and art history. At the university, he joined a student club, named Lese- und Redehalle der Deutschen Studenten, which organized literary events, readings, and other activities. In the end of his first year of studies, he met Max Brod, a close friend of his throughout his life, together with the journalist Felix Weltsch, who also studied law. Kafka obtained the degree of doctor of law on 18 June 1906 and performed an obligatory year of unpaid service as law clerk for the civil and criminal courts. Writing of Kafka attracted little attention before his death. During his lifetime, he published only a few short stories and never finished any of his novels except the very short "The Metamorphosis." Kafka wrote to Max Brod, his friend and literary executor: "Dearest Max, my last request: Everything I leave behind me ... in the way of diaries, manuscripts, letters (my own and others'), sketches, and so on, [is] to be burned unread." Brod told Kafka that he intended not to honor these wishes, but Kafka, so knowing, nevertheless consequently gave these directions specifically to Brod, who, so reasoning, overrode these wishes. Brod in fact oversaw the publication of most of work of Kafka in his possession; these works quickly began to attract attention and high critical regard. Max Brod encountered significant difficulty in compiling notebooks of Kafka into any chronological order as Kafka started writing in the middle of notebooks, from the last towards the first, et cetera. Kafka wrote all his published works in German except several letters in Czech to Milena Jesenská.
