Philosophy

Our competitive, service-oriented societies are taking a toll on the late-modern individual. Rather than improving life, multitasking, "user-friendly" technology, and the culture of convenience are producing disorders that range from depression to attention deficit disorder to borderline personality disorder. Byung-Chul Han interprets the spreading malaise as an inability to manage negative experiences in an age characterized by excessive positivity and the universal availability of people and goods. Stress and exhaustion are not just personal experiences, but social and historical phenomena as well. Denouncing a world in which every against-the-grain response can lead to further disempowerment, he draws on literature, philosophy, and the social and natural sciences to explore the stakes of sacrificing intermittent intellectual reflection for constant neural connection.

Untrammelled neoliberalism and the inexorable force of production have produced a 21st century crisis of community: a narcissistic cult of authenticity and mass turning-inward are among the pathologies engendered by it. We are individuals afloat in an atomised society, where the loss of the symbolic structures inherent in ritual behaviour has led to overdependence on the contingent to steer identity. Avoiding saccharine nostalgia for the rituals of the past, Han provides a genealogy of their disappearance as a means of diagnosing the pathologies of the present. He juxtaposes a community without communication—where the intensity of togetherness in silent recognition provides structure and meaning—to today's communication without community, which does away with collective feelings and leaves individuals exposed to exploitation and manipulation by neoliberal psycho-politics. The community that is invoked everywhere today is an atrophied and commoditized community that lacks the symbolic power to bind people together. For Han, it is only the mutual praxis of recognition borne by the ritualistic sharing of the symbolic between members of a community which creates the footholds of objectivity allowing us to make sense of time. This new book by one of the most creative cultural theorists writing today will be of interest to a wide readership.

Presented in the form of a dialogue between Socrates and three different interlocutors, this classic text is an enquiry into the notion of a perfect community and the ideal individual within it. During the conversation, other questions are raised: what is goodness?; what is reality?; and what is knowledge? The Republic also addresses the purpose of education and the role of both women and men as guardians of the people. With remarkable lucidity and deft use of allegory, Plato arrives at a depiction of a state bound by harmony and ruled by philosopher kings.

This lively book offers a wide-ranging study of Greek notions of mind and human selfhood from Homer through Plotinus. A. A. Long anchors his discussion in questions of recurrent and universal interest. What happens to us when we die? How is the mind or soul related to the body? Are we responsible for our own happiness? Can we achieve autonomy? Long asks when and how these questions emerged in ancient Greece, and shows that Greek thinkers' modeling of the mind gave us metaphors that we still live by, such as the rule of reason or enslavement to passion. He also interrogates the less familiar Greek notion of the intellect's divinity, and asks what that might mean for us. Because Plato's dialogues articulate these themes more sharply and influentially than works by any other Greek thinker, Plato receives the most sustained treatment in this account. But at the same time, Long asks whether Plato's explanation of the mind and human behavior is more convincing for modern readers than that contained in the older Homeric poems. Turning to later ancient philosophy, especially Stoicism, Long concludes with an exploration of Epictetus' injunction to live life by making correct use of one's mental impressions. An authoritative treatment of Greek modes of self-understanding, Greek Models of Mind and Self "demonstrates how ancient thinkers grappled with what is closest to us and yet still most mysterious our own essence as singular human selves and how the study of Greek thought can enlarge and enrich our experience."

Questo libro raccoglie i frutti dell'insegnamento universitario di Vegetti suPlatone, e vuol essere una presentazione del grande filosofo ateniese chiara eaccessibile a ogni lettore, anche inesperto. L'autore ricostruisce a questoscopo non solo il pensiero platonico, ma anche il contesto storico in cuiPlatone visse e praticò la filosofia. Ma il testo, scritto con chiarezza, vaal di là dell'obiettivo didattico, in quanto, alla luce della sua conoscenzadel filosofo antico, Vegetti offre una sintesi lucida e profonda del pensieroplatonico, che dà conto dell'importanza di Platone, pietra miliare delpensiero occidentale, e della sua influenza nei secoli.

The classic political dialogue, as relevant today as in Plato's time Taking the form of a dialogue between Socrates, Gorgias, Polus and Callicles, Gorgias debates perennial questions about the nature of government and those who aspire to public office. Are high moral standards essential or should we give our preference to the pragmatist who gets things done or negotiates successfully? Should individuals be motivated by a desire for personal power and prestige, or genuine concern for the moral betterment of the citizens? These questions go to the heart of Athenian democratic principles and are more relevant than ever in today's political climate. For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.

Si ripete spesso che la tradizione europea e occidentale affonda le proprie radici nel mondo greco. Si dimentica di precisare, però, che non esiste una Grecia unica, marmorea, solenne e olimpica. Lo aveva scritto Platone e lo ha ripetuto Friedrich Nietzsche: c'è la Grecia dei filosofi e quella della tradizione. Omero o Platone? Partendo dal problema della giustizia – della sua importanza e dei suoi limiti – l'obiettivo del libro è ricostruire le coordinate concettuali che stanno alla base di due mondi così vicini e così lontani. Se i filosofi cercheranno di mostrare il senso, l'ordine e la bellezza del mondo – la sua razionalità, in una parola –, ad accomunare gli altri, da Omero a Sofocle e Tucidide, è piuttosto la consapevolezza che la realtà è qualcosa di ambiguo, da cui è impossibile ricavare indicazioni di valore o regole di comportamento. E questo a sua volta conduce a interrogarsi su cosa sia quell'essere sfuggente che è l'uomo: un animale inquieto, che non avendo un posto fisso nel mondo è sempre proteso alla conquista della natura, ma è allo stesso tempo esposto al rischio di commettere errori fatali. Qual è il senso della nostra esistenza? Di questo si discuteva ad Atene.