Hümanistlerin prensi Erasmus, barışçıl perspektifler uluslararası hukukun görüş alanına girmeden önce modern savaş eleştirisinin temellerini attı. Kuzey Avrupa Rönesans’ının bu büyük ustası, savaşı yalnızca dinsel nedenlerle değil aynı zamanda rasyonel karşısavlarla da belirgin şekilde kınadı. Modern düşünce tarihinde barış elçisi olarak anılabilecek biri varsa, bu şeref öncelikle Erasmus’a aittir. Tatlı Gelir Yaşamayana Savaş, modern Avrupa’nın savaş karşıtı ilk metnidir. 1515 tarihli bu deneme, savaşa aşina olmayanları ve bu uğurda her türlü riski almaya hazır olanları uyarır. Cicero’dan bu yana tartışılagelen adil savaş fikrini reddeden ve devletlerarası anlaşmazlıklarda tarafsız yargılayan bir merci bulmanın mümkün olmadığını belirten Erasmus, barışı her şeyden önce varoluşsal bir zorunluluk olarak ortaya koyar.
Author
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (28 October 1466 – 12 July 1536), known as Erasmus of Rotterdam, or simply Erasmus, was a Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher, and theologian. Erasmus was a classical scholar and wrote in a pure Latin style. Among humanists he enjoyed the sobriquet "Prince of the Humanists", and has been called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists". Using humanist techniques for working on texts, he prepared important new Latin and Greek editions of the New Testament, which raised questions that would be influential in the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation. He also wrote On Free Will, The Praise of Folly, Handbook of a Christian Knight, On Civility in Children, Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style, Julius Exclusus, and many other works. Erasmus lived against the backdrop of the growing European religious Reformation, but while he was critical of the abuses within the Catholic Church and called for reform, he kept his distance from Luther and Melanchthon and continued to recognise the authority of the pope, emphasizing a middle way with a deep respect for traditional faith, piety and grace, rejecting Luther's emphasis on faith alone. Erasmus remained a member of the Roman Catholic Church all his life, remaining committed to reforming the Church and its clerics' abuses from within. He also held to the Catholic doctrine of free will, which some Reformers rejected in favor of the doctrine of predestination. His middle road approach disappointed and even angered scholars in both camps. Erasmus died suddenly in Basel in 1536 while preparing to return to Brabant, and was buried in the Basel Minster, the former cathedral of the city. A bronze statue of him was erected in his city of birth in 1622, replacing an earlier work in stone.
