The Divided State explores the structural dynamics of modern democracy through the concept of factions. Based on a unique theoretical framework that distinguishes between general groupness and socially constituted factions, it analyzes the process by which political and ideological divisions are formed, reinforced, and institutionalized. This book provides an in-depth analysis of the social mechanisms of polarization, resistance, and power structures in democratic societies, focusing on the concepts of faction, factional movements, and the “factional structure” of the state. Targeted at scholars, students, and readers interested in political theory, sociology, and modern history, this book offers a unique perspective that views division not merely as a political phenomenon but as an inherent social process reinforced through ideology within relationships. It serves as both a theoretical intervention and a timely reflection on the current crisis of democracy.