Part of Series
Reunião dos principais discursos de Salvador Allende, organizados por Vladimir Safatle. Com prefácio do atual presidente chileno, Gabriel Boric, e posfácio do pesquisador Rodrigo Karmy Bolton, este livro percorre o arco entre 1970, com a eleição de Allende, até 1973, com o último discurso proferido no palácio do governo sitiado durante o golpe militar orquestrado pelo general Augusto Pinochet. Este volume reúne pela primeira vez em português os mais importantes e célebres discursos de Salvador Allende como presidente do Chile. Eleito democraticamente em 1970 com um programa radical de base socialista, Allende simboliza a chegada do povo chileno ao poder. Os discursos, publicados em ordem cronológica, narram de forma dramática a mais significativa experiência de governo popular eleito na América Latina até seu desenlace trágico, com a morte de Allende defendendo o poder legítimo do povo chileno, sob bombardeio no Palacio de la Moneda. Desde o discurso da vitória, para uma multidão popular, em que o novo presidente salienta o momento histórico em que a vontade do povo se viu realizada numa eleição limpa e democrática, passando pelos discursos que apresentam a efetivação de seu programa de governo, com a estatização dos bancos, a estatização do cobre e a reforma agrária, o leitor acompanha gradualmente as realizações do governo e, simultaneamente, as dificuldades que este vai encontrando especialmente pela atuação das forças "imperialistas", de grandes empresas e estados nacionais que veem seus privilégios tolhidos pelo novo governo popular. O livro oferece ao público brasileiro um documento histórico, mas como diz o filósofo chileno Rodrigo Karmy no posfácio, sua potência não está em ser um arquivo sagrado, e sim em sua capacidade de transmitir as energias da enunciação, convidando os leitores à sua radical profanação, a seus usos em comum.
Author
Salvador Guillermo Allende Gossens (Spanish: [salβaˈðoɾ aˈʝende ˈɣosens]; 26 June 1908 – 11 September 1973), more commonly known as Salvador Allende, was a Chilean physician and politician, known as the first Marxist to become president of a Latin American country through open elections. Allende's involvement in Chilean political life spanned a period of nearly forty years. As a member of the Socialist Party, he was a senator, deputy and cabinet minister. He unsuccessfully ran for the presidency in the 1952, 1958, and 1964 elections. In 1970, he won the presidency in a close three-way race. He was elected in a run-off by Congress as no candidate had gained a majority. As president, Allende adopted a policy of nationalization of industries and collectivization; due to these and other factors, increasingly strained relations between him and the legislative and judicial branches of the Chilean government—who did not share his enthusiasm for socialization—culminated in a declaration by Congress of a "constitutional breakdown." A center-right majority including the Christian Democrats, whose support had enabled Allende's election, denounced his rule as unconstitutional and called for his overthrow by force. On 11 September 1973, the military moved to oust Allende in a coup d'etat sponsored by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). As troops surrounded La Moneda Palace, he gave his last speech vowing not to resign. Later that day, Allende shot himself dead with an assault rifle, according to an investigation conducted by a Chilean court with the assistance of international experts in 2011. Following Allende's deposition, General Augusto Pinochet declined to return authority to the civilian government, and Chile was later ruled by a military junta that was in power up until 1990, ending almost 41 years of Chilean democratic rule. The military junta that took over dissolved the Congress of Chile and began a persecution of alleged dissidents, in which thousands of Allende's supporters were kidnapped, tortured, and murdered.
