Miguel Esteves Cardoso is a Portuguese writer, translator, critic and journalist. He's a well known monarchist and conservative. Miguel was born in a middle class family in Lisbon. His father, Joaquim Carlos Esteves Cardoso, was Portuguese and his mother, Hazel Diana Smith, was English. He had a good education and the advantage of a bilingual and bicultural upbringing, helping him to develop an outsider's detachment from the culture of his birth country. In 1979, he graduated from Manchester University in political studies and four years later, in 1983, he received his doctorate in Political Philosophy. While there he made contact with some of the New Wave bands of the Factory records like Joy Division or New Order. In 1981 Cardoso became the father of twin girls. One year later he returned to Portugal, where he worked as an assisting investigator of the Social Studies Institute on the Lisbon University. He later became a supporting teacher of political sociology in ISCTE and then returned to Manchester University for a postdoctorate in Political Philosophy oriented by Derek Parfit and Joseph Raz.