Mikhail Sholokhov (1905-1984), a Lenin and Nobel Prize winner, was one of the world's major modern writers. His novel Virgin Soil Upturned, dealing with the collectivization of countryside in the USSR, has been translated into 75 languages and published in over thirty million copies. In 1932 the journal Novy Mir Published the first part of the novel, and that same year Sholokhov announced that he had begun work on the second part. Due to war-time disruptions, including destruction of the near-complete manuscript during World War II, the second part did not appear until 1960.