Baruch Spinoza, often Benedictus de Spinoza, was a Dutch philosopher. The breadth and importance of Spinoza's work was not fully realized until many years after his death. By laying the groundwork for the 18th-century Enlightenment and modern biblical criticism, including modern conceptions of the self and, arguably, the universe, he came to be considered one of the great rationalists of 17th-century philosophy. His magnum opus, the posthumous Ethics, in which he opposed Descartes' mind–body dualism, has earned him recognition as one of Western philosophy's most important thinkers. In the Ethics, "Spinoza wrote the last indisputable Latin masterpiece, and one in which the refined conceptions of medieval philosophy are finally turned against themselves and destroyed entirely." Philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel said of all contemporary philosophers, "You are either a Spinozist or not a philosopher at all."
Books
Short Treatise on God, Man, and His Well-Being
1862
The Collected Works of Spinoza, Volume II
1989
Selections
1928
Etica e Trattato Teologico-Politico
1677
On the Improvement of Understanding
1667
The Essential Spinoza
Ethics and Related Writings
2006
Complete Works
1677
Philosophy of Benedict de Spinoza
1926
Ethics
2001
Ethics
1677
Trattato politico
1675
Spinoza
1995
Ética
2020
Kötülük Mektupları
1966
The Ethics/Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect/Selected Letters
1883
Theological-Political Treatise
1670
Tratado de la reforma del entendimiento. Principios de filosofía de Descartes. Pensamientos metafísicos
2014
The Collected Works of Spinoza, Volume I
1985
The Road to Inner Freedom
The Ethics
2014
The Writings of Spinoza
Ethics, On the Improvement of Understanding, Correspondence, A Theologico-Political Treatise
2012
A Spinoza Reader
The Ethics and Other Works
1994
Principles of Cartesian Philosophy
1663
The Works of Benedict de Spinoza
2008
Principles of Cartesian Philosophy with Metaphysical Thoughts & Lodewijk Meyer's Inaugural Dissertation
1663
Traité théologico-politique
1997
